资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
打造数字生活“新入口”,数字社区加速推动数实融合******
你的数字生活有哪些“打开方式”?邮箱、浏览器还是app?随着信息技术快速迭代,“入网上云”的方式也更加多元,沉浸式的数字社区成为越来越多网民的选择。
工信部下属中国信息通信研究院近日发布《数字社区研究报告(2022年)》指出,伴随着数字经济的发展,数字社区这一新型网民生态圈正成为数字生活的“新入口”与数字经济的载体。
2023年1月5日,在辽宁省凌源市一家文化传媒公司,工作人员用直播方式推介凌源百合。新华社记者 王乙杰 摄
报告指出,数字社区是以新一代信息技术为基础,以海量数据为流通要素,以先进的数字化交互手段为主要表现形式,通过打造高互动的数字生活场景,建立人与人、人与物、人与社会之间的信任连接,从而实现线上线下高效融合的新型互联网社区。
中国信息通信研究院总工程师敖立说,当前,数字社区的主要表现形式从图文和语音转向以短视频、直播等为主,交互更实时、场景更丰富等特点,催生了消费、生产新业态、新模式。
让消费更“可感知”。什么样的羊绒最亲肤,羊绒毛衣如何洗护?通过在直播间进行内容输出,服装品牌“三只小山羊”2022年“双11”成交额创新高。“三只小山羊”创始人杨玉勇告诉记者,通过短视频内容分享,可以将消费者带入穿、洗、护等多种与服装相关的生活场景。消费者的感知更多元,对品牌的信任就更多,连接就更紧密。这就是数字社区推动消费的实践。
2022年8月9日,在福建省福安市赛岐镇象环村的葡萄种植园,工作人员直播推销葡萄。新华社记者 姜克红 摄
新年伊始,快手发布“村播计划”,通过幸福乡村带头人评选等多种方式,扶持农村优质主播成长,推动农产品销售。过去三年,快手幸福乡村带头人项目在全国发掘和扶持超过100名乡村创业者,通过数字社区模式累计带动1万多户百姓增收。快手科技副总裁宋婷婷表示,下一步将借助数字社区做好主播培育,助力乡村振兴。
让产业运行更高效。面对生产周期较长的家具供应链,如何精准锁定产能、筛选合适供应商、洞察用户需求是林氏木业要解决的重要问题。企业负责人告诉记者,借助钉钉平台打造产业链数字社区,企业将供应链质检、装车运输等20多款应用与生产连接。“运营人员可通过实时报表调整采购计划,生产供应商可及时备货,实现上下游的协同。”
《数字社区研究报告(2022年)》指出,数字社区具有普惠、连接、效率和信任四大特征,将生产要素在数字世界连接成多个内容模块,形成内容生态,催生更多数字化服务。
“数字社区的每个内容板块背后都连接着多条产业链,各条产业链覆盖产品或服务供给的全链路。”敖立说,数字社区不断扩展、丰富人们的交互空间与生活生产消费方式,其间孵化、催生的大量技术场景赋能到实体产业,成为服务现代化产业体系建设的新型移动互联网产品形态。
“大力发展数字社区,打造具有高互动特点的数字生活场景、产业场景,将推动数字技术更好赋能千行百业,助力实体企业在产业互联网的竞争中赢得先机。”中国信息通信研究院有关负责人说。(新华社记者 张辛欣)
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎)